Flag of Indiaसत्यमेव जयते

Wars, the Green Revolution & the Emergency

India · 1973Kesavananda Bharati and the Basic Structure doctrine

A 13-judge Supreme Court bench held that Parliament cannot alter the Constitution's basic structure; soon after, the government superseded three senior judges to appoint A.N. Ray as Chief Justice of India. Project Tiger was launched and the Chipko movement began, while the 1973 oil shock and inflation intensified economic strain.

← 1972 1974 → All years

Landmark Judgments & Reportsऐतिहासिक निर्णय और रिपोर्ट

Polity & Governanceराजव्यवस्था और शासन

Economyअर्थव्यवस्था

Environment & Disastersपर्यावरण और आपदाएं

India & the Worldभारत और विश्व

Society & Cultureसमाज और संस्कृति

Key figures

Indira Gandhi — Prime Minister; her government enacted FERA, nationalised coal, launched Project Tiger and appointed A.NKesavananda Bharati — head of the Edneer Mutt, Kerala, whose petition led to the basic-structure ruling.S.M. Sikri — Chief Justice of India who presided over the 13-judge Kesavananda Bharati bench.A.N. Ray — appointed Chief Justice of India in April 1973 after the supersession of three senior judges.Chandi Prasad Bhatt — Gandhian activist associated with the early Chipko movement in Chamoli.V.V. Giri — President of India in 1973.

UPSC / State PCS — Exam focus

↥ All years BillTracker Exam prep

Researched by a multi-model AI editorial board and cross-checked against sources; Bills are real records from BillTracker. This is a study aid, not a substitute for primary sources. Spotted an error? Tell us.