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The Republic & the Nehru Years

India · 1961Operation Vijay ends Portuguese rule in Goa, Daman and Diu

Operation Vijay (18–19 December) ended Portuguese rule in Goa, Daman and Diu, marking a major step in India's territorial integration. The year opened the Third Five-Year Plan, saw Nehru help found the Non-Aligned Movement at Belgrade, and produced landmark laws on dowry, income tax, IITs and the legal profession.

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Key figures

Jawaharlal Nehru — Prime Minister; oversaw the liberation of Goa, Daman and Diu and helped found NAM at Belgrade.Dr. Rajendra Prasad — President of India.V.K. Krishna Menon — Defence Minister during Operation Vijay.Maj. Gen. K.P. Candeth — led Indian forces in Goa and became Military Governor after the operation.Manuel António Vassalo e Silva — Portuguese Governor-General who surrendered on 19 December 1961.B.P. Sinha — Chief Justice of India.

UPSC / State PCS — Exam focus

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