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Early Nationalism

India · 1894Madras Congress under Alfred Webb; Elgin becomes Viceroy; Gandhi's Natal Indian Congress

Moderate nationalism advanced through Congress, which met at Madras under Alfred Webb and pressed constitutional reforms including simultaneous ICS examinations. Lord Elgin succeeded Lansdowne as Viceroy; the Land Acquisition Act and the Forest Policy of 1894 strengthened colonial administrative control; and Gandhi founded the Natal Indian Congress in South Africa.

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The Freedom Struggle & National Movementस्वतंत्रता संग्राम एवं राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन

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Key figures

Alfred Webb — Irish nationalist; president of the 1894 Madras session of the Congress.Lord Elgin — Viceroy of India from 1894, succeeding Lansdowne.M. K. Gandhi — founded the Natal Indian Congress in South Africa in 1894.Dadabhai Naoroji — 'Grand Old Man of India', MP for Finsbury Central, advancing the drain-of-wealth critique.Shahu Maharaj — assumed ruling powers in Kolhapur in 1894; later a social-justice reformer.Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay — novelist and author of 'Vande Mataram'; died 8 April 1894.

UPSC / State PCS — Exam focus

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