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India · 202418th Lok Sabha: NDA returns for a third Modi term as BJP falls below majority

The 18th Lok Sabha election returned the NDA for a third term under Narendra Modi, with the BJP below a single-party majority and coalition support central to government formation. The Supreme Court struck down the Electoral Bonds Scheme, while new exam-integrity and aviation laws and notable space and sporting achievements marked the year.

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Polity & Governanceराजव्यवस्था और शासन

Economyअर्थव्यवस्था

Science, Technology & Spaceविज्ञान, प्रौद्योगिकी और अंतरिक्ष

Environment & Disastersपर्यावरण और आपदाएं

India & the Worldभारत और विश्व

Landmark Judgments & Reportsऐतिहासिक फैसले और रिपोर्ट

Sports & Notableखेल और उल्लेखनीय घटनाक्रम

Key figures

Narendra Modi — Prime Minister; began a third consecutive term on 9 June 2024Droupadi Murmu — President of India through 2024D. Y. Chandrachud — Chief Justice of India until November 2024; led Constitution Bench rulings including the electoral bSanjiv Khanna — became Chief Justice of India in November 2024Manu Bhaker — first athlete from independent India to win two medals at a single Olympic GamesD. Gukesh — youngest undisputed World Chess Champion

UPSC / State PCS — Exam focus

Bills & Acts of 2024

From our live BillTracker — real legislation recorded for 2024.

Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024Enacted

New civil-aviation law that replaced the Aircraft Act, 1934, modernising regulation of aircraft and air navigation.

Why it matters: Example of replacing colonial-era statutes; relevant for Economy (aviation) and Governance.

Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Act, 2024Enacted

Anti-paper-leak law to curb cheating and organised malpractice in public examinations conducted by bodies such as UPSC, SSC, RRB, IBPS and the NTA.

Why it matters: Directly relevant to every aspirant; key for Governance and current affairs on exam integrity and the NEET-UG/NTA row.

Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-Ninth Amendment) Bill, 2024Introduced

The "One Nation, One Election" bill to hold Lok Sabha and State Assembly elections together; introduced in December 2024 and referred to a Joint Parliamentary Committee.

Why it matters: Flagship electoral-reform debate; core Polity topic on federalism, elections and constitutional amendment for UPSC and State PSC.

Merchant Shipping Bill, 2024Introduced

This bill aims to regulate merchant shipping activities in India.

Why it matters: Important for maritime commerce and trade regulations.

Coastal Shipping Bill, 2024Introduced

This bill aims to promote and regulate coastal shipping in India.

Why it matters: Relevant for coastal trade and shipping policies.

Bills of Lading Bill, 2024Introduced

This bill aims to regulate the issuance and use of bills of lading in shipping.

Why it matters: Important for understanding shipping documentation and law.

Carriage of Goods by Sea Bill, 2024Introduced

This bill aims to regulate the carriage of goods by sea.

Why it matters: Relevant for maritime law and trade.

Railways Amendment Bill, 2024Introduced

This bill seeks to amend existing railway laws to improve services and operations.

Why it matters: Important for understanding railway policies and infrastructure.

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Researched by a multi-model AI editorial board and cross-checked against sources; Bills are real records from BillTracker. This is a study aid, not a substitute for primary sources. Spotted an error? Tell us.