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Liberalisation

India · 1993Panchayati Raj & Nagarpalika Amendments take effect; Bombay serial blasts kill 257

Under P.V. Narasimha Rao, liberalisation continued as the 73rd and 74th Amendments gave constitutional status to panchayats and municipalities. The year was scarred by the 12 March Bombay serial blasts and the September Latur earthquake, while the Second Judges Case established judicial primacy in higher-judiciary appointments.

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Polity & Governanceराजव्यवस्था और शासन

Economyअर्थव्यवस्था

Society & Cultureसमाज और संस्कृति

Landmark Judgments & Reportsऐतिहासिक निर्णय और रिपोर्ट

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Science, Technology & Spaceविज्ञान, प्रौद्योगिकी और अंतरिक्ष

Environment & Disastersपर्यावरण और आपदाएं

Key figures

P.V. Narasimha Rao — Prime Minister; presided over economic reforms, Panchayati Raj implementation and the China border Manmohan Singh — Finance Minister; steered the 1993-94 reforms and exchange-rate unification.Shankar Dayal Sharma — President of India.M.N. Venkatachaliah — Chief Justice of India from February 1993.Justice J.S. Verma — delivered the leading majority opinion in the Second Judges Case.Justice Ranganath Misra — first chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission.

UPSC / State PCS — Exam focus

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