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Wars, the Green Revolution & the Emergency

India · 1976The 42nd Amendment recasts the Constitution at the height of the Emergency

All of 1976 fell under the Emergency proclaimed in June 1975. Parliament passed the 42nd Amendment — the 'Mini-Constitution' — altering the Preamble, Fundamental Duties and Centre-State balance; the Supreme Court's ADM Jabalpur ruling upheld the suspension of habeas corpus remedies; and coercive sterilisation and slum-clearance drives became defining Emergency excesses.

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Polity & Governanceराजव्यवस्था एवं शासन

Landmark Judgments & Reportsऐतिहासिक निर्णय एवं रिपोर्ट

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India & the Worldभारत एवं विश्व

Key figures

Indira Gandhi — Prime Minister; presided over the Emergency and the 42nd Amendment.Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed — President of India.Sanjay Gandhi — extra-constitutional centre of power associated with the Five-Point Programme's family-planning and slumJustice A.N. Ray — Chief Justice of India, heading the bench in ADM Jabalpur.Justice H.R. Khanna — lone dissenter in ADM Jabalpur, upholding the rule-of-law basis of life and liberty.K.R. Narayanan — appointed India's Ambassador to China in 1976.

UPSC / State PCS — Exam focus

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