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India · 1919Jallianwala Bagh, Rowlatt Satyagraha and the Government of India Act, 1919

The Rowlatt Act's detention-without-trial powers provoked Gandhi's first all-India Satyagraha; colonial repression climaxed in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre at Amritsar on 13 April. The Government of India Act 1919 introduced provincial dyarchy, even as parts of Punjab came under martial law.

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Key figures

Mahatma Gandhi — launched the Rowlatt Satyagraha, his first all-India movement, and emerged as a central leader of the nBrigadier-General R.E.H. Dyer — commanded the troops that opened fire at Jallianwala Bagh on 13 April 1919.Michael O'Dwyer — Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab during the 1919 repression and martial law measures.Motilal Nehru — presided over the INC Amritsar session in December 1919.Rabindranath Tagore — renounced his knighthood in protest after the massacre.Edwin Montagu — Secretary of State for India associated with the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms, along with Viceroy Lord Che

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