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Revolt & Crown Rule

India · 1876Indian Association founded; Royal Titles Act makes Victoria Empress as famine begins

Lord Lytton became Viceroy and the Royal Titles Act 1876 empowered Queen Victoria to assume the title 'Empress of India.' In Calcutta, Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose founded the Indian Association, a key pre-Congress body, while monsoon failure triggered the Great Famine of 1876–78 across southern and western India.

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Key figures

Lord Lytton — Viceroy of India from 1876; presided over the Empress proclamation and famine-era policy.Queen Victoria — assumed the title 'Empress of India' under the Royal Titles Act 1876.Benjamin Disraeli — British Prime Minister who promoted the Royal Titles Act.Surendranath Banerjee — co-founder of the Indian Association (1876) and pioneering constitutional nationalist.Ananda Mohan Bose — Brahmo reformer and co-founder of the Indian Association.Dadabhai Naoroji — major exponent of the drain-of-wealth theory and critic of Indian poverty under colonial rule.

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